The practice of editing footage has been around since 1898 when British filmmaker Robert W. Paul cut together his film Come Along, Do!. However, it wasn't until filmmaking pioneer and "Father of Film" D.W. Griffith began using editing techniques, such as parallel editing, that the practice became more sophisticated -- a discernible film language that later became known as "continuity editing".

Analogue Editing

Analogue editing was used before editing was on computer, to edit they had to literally cut the film to edit it. Very inefficient, because it had to be very accurate as any mistakes they could not redo. After they cut it down it went through a machine such as a Moviola or K.E.M .

Digital Editing

Digital editing is used with a computer and is much more efficient for a film. Footage is put onto the timeline, then is cut, put in order and added any special effects or transitions needed. Many different programs can be used as Adobe Premier, final cut pro, Sony Vegas etc. With digital editing they can afford to make mistakes and change the editing at any time if they change there mind, what makes it more easier for the editor.

Continuity Editing

  In film and video creation, of combining more-or-less related shots, or different components cut from a single shot, into a sequence so as to direct the viewer's attention to a pre-existing consistency of story across both time and physical location.

Jump Cuts

Which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly if at all.

Cross Cutting

Where two scenes are intercut to establish continuity. In drama and theatre the term is used to describe two or more scenes which are performed on stage at the same time.

Dissolve

 A gradual scene transition. The editor overlaps the end of one shot with the beginning of the next one.

Fade

Which the transition is at first black, fading to a visual image.

Match Cut

A cut joining two shots whose compositional elements match, helping to establish strong continuity of action.

Montage

Which shots are juxtaposed in an often fast-paced fashion that compresses time and conveys a lot of information in a relatively short period.

For my trailer im deciding to use adobe premiere-pro, because i have a more choices if i want to use after effects along side adobe premiere-pro. As well as its the program i am more familiar with, as i have used it across other units.  

Action Film - American Sniper

 Action films use a lot of quick cuts back and forward from the action to give information to the audience fast. For example is this clip of American sniper the camera goes back and forward from the enemy and the sniper, to show emotions and the tension between them using quick cuts to do this. At the start of the clip it uses special effects to show the bullet travel from the sniper as well as slow motion of the bullet hitting the guy in the head and killing him, this gives a bigger effect to the audience. 

Jump Cuts

 In the first clip they use jump cuts at the start of the clip to show information quick in this case him traveling from the city to the countryside. The jump cuts could also to suggest the rush of the city life.

In the second clip they again use jump cuts throughout of the clip showing the audience little parts of him getting ready for his day. This is effective way to show information fast to the audience. 

Fade to black

 In the first clip it starts to fade to black towards the end of the clip, this could be used to show how peaceful and more calmer the countryside is. 

Sound

In the first clip they used a lot of sound to give big impact using sounds you saw on screen as well as off. Example when the light when off on the taxi all the sound stopped like the phone. And then when the character was a sleep, the train went past waking him up still showing he is in the city rush. As well as there being a lot of background noise in the city then when he hits the countryside music starts to play, making it seem mysterious and quiet.

In the seconded clip they only use keysound effects to the video on screen, for an example toilet flushing, when showing the toilet etc.  

Editing Style 

Both of these clips are similar in the way they are both edited and their style. They both use jump cuts to show information to the audience fast without making the shots too long ( clips max 1 second on screen). This makes it more interesting for the audience to watch as it's not on the screen for too long, in the second clip they even show milk going back into the fridge what seems unnecessary but still somehow keeps it interesting for the audience. Both of the clips are edited by the same person, Chris Dickens  this shows he transfers his editing styles across films. 

However Memento editing has a different style as it's a non-linear film. In memento they show flashbacks by using  black and white filter, to give the effect of a flashback ( back in time).  

This video shows how intercuts are used when you want to show a setting when there is speaking. Example for are drama film "Released" we will use intercuts when the kids are walking to school to show there weekly routine and the setting of the film. 

This video was edited to give an example of what intercuts look like, one of the example we use was one of the characters made a 999 call to the operator and when he explains what happens we then show the audience what the character is describing. 

Continuity editing is where everything has to be the same in frame as the last shot when the camera changes shot/angle. For example if someone picks a cup up with their right hand, then later the cup is in their left hand, they have broken continuity. 

Non-Continuity is where something is mismatched from the last shot in frame. Using the cup example again  if someone picks a cup up with their right hand, then later the cup is in their left hand that is non-continuity. This can make the audience not immersed in the film anymore. 

A cut that creates a lack of continuity by leaving out parts of the action

Jump cuts are used here to show the character shaving/changing appearance. This is a quicker way to show the audience the transition of him stage by stage, keeping the audience still intrigued by just using a simple jump cut. 

Jump cuts are used to show Tom walking up the path quicker. Not using jump cuts, and just using raw footage it would of been 22 seconds long but by just using jump cuts it's now 6 seconds as well as getting the same information across to the audience. 

This is a clip i have edited, showing the editing techniques and effects i  have learnt from this unit. 

The first thing i did with the clips was change the footage from 60fps to 23fps as real life movement as well as slow motion looks better in 23fps. Then i add cinematic black bars at the top and bottom to give it a more cinematic feel to it. 

I slowed down all the clips to around 75% in speed duration with the effect in adobe premiere pro, did this to give a more cinematic and mystery feel to the video. I also used adobe after effects in some points to make the scene more lighter or darker depending on the scene and to enhance the colours in the scenes. 

When the music had a sort of rewind sound in it, i reverse the video for a split second to give an rewind effect matching it up with the music.